Psychosis is a severe mental disorder characterized by a loss of contact with reality. People with psychosis may experience hallucinations (hearing, seeing, or feeling things that do not exist) and delusions (false or unrealistic beliefs). Psychosis can be triggered by intense emotional stress, drug use or alcohol abuse, or be a symptom of an underlying mental illness such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.

Symptoms:

• Hallucinations (hearing voices or sounds that others do not hear, seeing things that others do not see, sensing smells or sensations that others do not experience)
• Delusions (false or unrealistic beliefs, unusual beliefs, unshakable beliefs that seem unreal to others, such as believing you are in danger or have supernatural powers)
• Disorganized or incoherent thoughts and speech
• Disorganized thinking and behavior
• Social withdrawal and isolation
• Loss of interest in usual activities
• Changes in behavior or personality

Treatment:

Treatment for psychosis may include antipsychotic medications to reduce symptoms, as well as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) or supportive therapy to help manage emotions and adapt to daily life. Medications can be provided by a doctor or psychiatrist, and therapy by a psychologist.

Advice for families and friends:

• Encourage the person to follow their treatment and take their medications
• Hallucinations are perceived as real by the person experiencing them. This can be frightening and may lead them to believe they are being watched or followed. Do not judge.
• Listen carefully and be patient
• Offer your support and reassurance
• Encourage the person to talk about their feelings and concerns
• Help the person find professional support and connect with others experiencing psychosis
• Learn more about psychosis and how to help the person manage their symptom